More than seventy years ago, enactment of the Wagner National Labor Relations Act gave American organized labor what it thought would be one of its greatest assets: a legislative guarantee of the right of workers to organize and bargain collectively. Yet although the Wagner Act's guarantees remain substantially unaltered, organized labour in America today is in deep decline. Addressing this apparent paradox, Christopher Tomlins offers here a critical examination of the impact of the National Labor Relations Act on American unions from the moment of its passage through the 1960s. By studying the intentions and goals of policymakers in the context of the development of labor law from the late nineteenth century, and by looking carefully at the course of labor history since the act's passage, Tomlins shows how public policy was shaped to confine labor's role in the American economy, and that many of the unions' problems stem from the laws which purport to protect them.